• In astrocytes mitogen activated protein kinases

  2020-06-24

  

  In astrocytes, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated after OGD-induced ischemic injury (Yung and Tolkovsky, 2003, Niu et al., 2009) and they regulate induction of AQP expression (Arima et al., 2003, McCoy and Sontheimer, 2010). It is well known that MAPKs, including extracellular s

• BH3I-1 Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process

  2020-06-24

  

  Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process which leads to the degradation of damaged mitochondria in response to metabolic or environmental stress conditions. In this study, we found that LFS-01 treatment significantly enhances p62 in a time-dependent manner. We found that the upregulation of p62 i

• The best characterized APC C substrates are

  2020-06-24

  

  The best-characterized APC/C substrates are recruited via various linear motifs (e.g., D boxes, KEN boxes, and ABBA motifs) that serve as degrons, binding to distinct regions of the β-propeller domain of a coactivator (Figure 1, Figure 3B) (reviewed in [44]). In addition, D boxes also simultaneously

• CDK lacks DNA binding domains and

  2020-06-24

  

  CDK6 lacks DNA-binding domains and nuclear localization sequences, and therefore will probably be transported to the nucleus by a ‘piggy-back’ mechanism and needs to contact its specific sites indirectly through DNA-binding proteins. Besides NF-κB p65, a further candidate transcription factor is PAX

• Despite the significant increase in Bdnf mRNA

  2020-06-23

  

  Despite the significant increase in Bdnf1 mRNA levels after DNMT inhibition, the expression of Bdnf4 and Bdnf9 was unaltered. It is particularly surprising that Bdnf4 is not affected by the DNMT inhibitor, as the promoter of the Bdnf4 exon is known to be susceptible to epigenetic changes (Kotera et

• These data raised from human tissues suggested

  2020-06-23

  

  These data raised from human tissues suggested a potential link between TGF-β1 signaling and linear invadosome machinery that may explain TGF-β involvement in HCC progression and invasion. Using HCC cultured cells, we confirmed that TGF-β1 stimulation increases the production and secretion of collag

• Cells expressing the CDK S D mutant exhibit impaired migrati

  2020-06-23

  

  Cells expressing the CDK5 S47D mutant exhibit impaired migration and enhanced proliferation: Finally, we wished to determine the functional significance of this phosphoevent. Multiple studies have implicated active CDK5 in promotion of cell migration [9,16,[21], [22], [23], [24]] and in one study th

• Several mechanisms are implicated in lipid

  2020-06-23

  

  Several mechanisms are implicated in lipid-induced insulin resistance in muscle, including oxidative stress (Koves et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2011, Muoio and Neufer, 2012). Mitochondrion is a major source of ROS production. The oxidation of pyruvate and fatty Trigonelline yielding acetyl-CoA occur

• The data from the Sur lab have showed DNA PK

  2020-06-23

  

  The data from the Sur lab have showed DNA-PK is involved in metabolic gene regulation in response to insulin. DNA-PK regulates fatty Gemcitabine HCl synthesis by modulating the protein expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in a feeding-dependent manner. DNA-PK induces the activation of Upstream S

• br Structure and function of EPAC

  2020-06-23

  

  Structure and function of EPAC isoforms EPACs are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Ras-like GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 [9]. There are two mammalian EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2 1, 2 (Figure 1). Whereas EPAC1 displays a wide tissue distribution, the expression of EPAC2 is more restr

• To our knowledge this is the first report

  2020-06-23

  

  To our knowledge, this is the first report of an oncocytoma expressing alpha-enolase or causing autoimmune retinopathy and optic neuropathy. Although generally considered benign, oncocytomas have rarely been associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, including tumor-induced hypertension, erythrocytos

• br Transparency document br Introduction Cigarette smoke is

  2020-06-23

  

  Transparency document Introduction Cigarette smoke is modifiable factors to alter the neurovascular functions. Now a day, cigarette smoking in public place is offense due to toxic exposure cause the neurological and respiratory system damage to non-smoker population [1]. A literature survey ex

• The Inhibitor of APoptosis IAP proteins were

  2020-06-23

  

  The Inhibitor of APoptosis (IAP) proteins were first identified as gene products of baculovirus that inhibited apoptosis of infected insect e3 ligases (Clem et al., 1991, Crook et al., 1993). Subsequently, the mammalian IAP family was identified (Rothe et al., 1995, Uren et al., 1996). All members

• Our data also showed that D dopamine

  2020-06-23

  

  Our data also showed that D2 dopamine receptor was down-regulated in the hippocampus, NAc and striatum of F1-MEP animals, which was only significant in the hippocampus. Both agonists and antagonists of D2 dopamine receptor are able to decrease heroin self-administration (Hemby et al., 1996; Rowlett

• DAPK is a kD Ca calmodulin CaM regulated Ser Thr

  2020-06-23

  

  DAPK is a 160-kD Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-regulated Ser/Thr kinase that mediates cell death. The activated forms of DAPK and DRP-1 are capable of inducing two distinct cytoplasmic events characteristic of programmed cell death, including membrane blebbing and the formation of autophagic vesicles (Inbal

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