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Intracellular signaling pathways leading to IR injury are in
2021-09-18
Intracellular signaling pathways leading to IR injury are initiated by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). This occurs principally at the time of initiation of reperfusion, which is accompanied by the re-admission of oxygen to the ischemic tissue. The resulting cascade of downstream events
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Unfortunately the approved drugs suffer from failure in many
2021-09-18
Unfortunately, the approved drugs suffer from failure in many cases [5,6]. Several mutations occur in the binding site of NS3/4A protease, which affect drug binding and cause drug resistance [13]. It is a big challenge and needs more efforts to be done. This is the reason why research is still conce
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Some studies using RNAi have recently been invalidated by CR
2021-09-18
Some studies using RNAi have recently been invalidated by CRISPR/Cas9 [25] due to significant off-target effects of RNAi [26]. In this study, we have used both RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques and have observed consistent and similar phenotypes thus; knockdown or knockout of PATZ1 resulted in reduct
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angiopoietin The finding that a peptide consisting of d amin
2021-09-18
The finding that a peptide consisting of d-amino acids binds to LSD1-CoREST1 with equal affinity as the l-amino angiopoietin ligand indicates that the assays detect a generally non-specific association between two highly charged molecules. Nonetheless, p53-CTD is an effective inhibitor of LSD1 and
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The first wave of cells infiltrating heart shortly after MI
2021-09-18
The first wave of G-15 infiltrating heart shortly after MI is composed mainly of neutrophils, with the highest number on the first day after ischemic episode [101]. These cells are recruited via C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CXCL-2)- and CXCL-5-mediated chemotaxis. Both chemokines are produced by
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Subcellular domains where Rac is
2021-09-18
Subcellular domains where Rac is active show limited Rho activity and vice versa (Fig. 4). This distinctive patterning in Rho activity is achieved via the downstream Rac effector Par6, an important part of the so-called Par polarity complex. In primary epithelium, the cytoskeleton and associated Rho
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Morin is a flavonoid that has
2021-09-17
Morin is a flavonoid that has shown to have effective anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor function [118]. Morin was able to block the activation of NF-κB pathway by ROS and inflammatory cytokines, preventing a signaling cascade resulting in cell death [121]. Morin exerted its control over the signaling
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LFFs associating with green algae
2021-09-17
LFFs associating with green algae utilize polyols; therefore, we hypothesize that at least one polyol transport system is conserved in LFFs and it is required for the lichenization events that occur widely and independently in Ascomycota. Thus, the present study aimed to first evaluate phylogenetic
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apomorphine Tail group SAR of the imidazole derived analogs
2021-09-17
Tail group SAR of the imidazole derived analogs is shown in . The previous SAR study from the discovery of AMG 837 revealed that a simple un-substituted meta-biphenyl tail group was less favorable in terms of potency. Efforts to introduce polarity to the tail group were not successful. When a methyl
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There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells First
2021-09-17
There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells. First by passive diffusion. Second as the putative long-chain fatty UCB 35625 transporters are proposed, CD36 the plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) [11], where CD36 is responsible
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br Methods br Results br Discussion Among three
2021-09-17
Methods Results Discussion Among three main signaling pathways activated by bFGF, the MAPK pathway was found to be involved in the upregulation of GR levels. So far, there have been a few candidates that could connect activated ERK to the upregulation of GR. One likely candidate is the zinc
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In conclusion enhanced glucagon action of the beta cell
2021-09-17
In conclusion, enhanced glucagon action of the beta cell results in improved beta cell function after glucose stimulation, but simultaneously dissociated responses to both glucose-dependent and non-glucose secretagogues evolve. This shows that the glucagon receptor is complexly involved in beta cell
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br Conflicts of interests br Acknowledgements We thank Drs T
2021-09-17
Conflicts of interests Acknowledgements We thank Drs. T. Tomita and T. Iwatsubo (Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan) for anti-presenilin 1-CTF antiserum, Dr. A. Takashima (Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan) for anti-Pen-2 antiserum and the laboratory members for helpful comments and discussion. M
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Isolation and application of cold adapted galactosidase in
2021-09-17
Isolation and application of cold-adapted β-galactosidase in the production of low lactose dairy products would play a critical role in improving access to low lactose dairy products for lactose intolerant individuals [9,11]. Milk contains high levels of K+, Ca2+, and Na+, and β-galactosidase used i
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br Materials and methods br
2021-09-17
Materials and methods Chemical synthesis Declaration of interest Acknowledgements This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute for General Medicine to K.W.M. (GM 58448) and by the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospi
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