• Y 134 br Current therapies for metabolic diseases Inborn

  2024-11-11

  

  Current therapies for metabolic diseases Inborn errors of metabolism caused by deficiency of particular enzymes due to loss of function mutations or deletions have been treated by decreasing the intake of the enzymatic substrate, supplementation with an essential cofactor or vitamin, increasing m

• Liver plays a pivotal role in metabolism of xenobiotic

  2024-11-11

  

  Liver plays a pivotal role in metabolism of xenobiotic compounds, such as environmental contaminants and drugs. Some of these compounds generate hepatic damage and impair its function. It was well-known that 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) could induce pathological changes in mouse and ra

• br Discussion Here we show opposing effects of iontophoretic

  2024-11-09

  

  Discussion Here, we show opposing effects of iontophoretically administered phenylephrine,aselective α1-AR agonist, on firing of putatively DAergic and non-DAergic neurons recorded in vivo in the VTA of urethane anaesthetized rats. Phenylephrine application caused a relatively weak decrease in fi

• br Introduction Epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous rec

  2024-11-09

  

  Introduction Epilepsy is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures and represents one of the most frequent neurological diseases affecting about 60 million people worldwide (McNamara, 1999). It is estimated that up to 50% of all cases are triggered by “initial precipitating injuries”, such

• The cytoplasmic domain of muscle AChR is

  2024-11-09

  

  The cytoplasmic domain of muscle AChR is not accessible to dofetilide in vivo. Theoretically, therapy with the cytoplasmic domains should be safe. Safety is demonstrated by the facts that: (1) rats repeatedly immunized with the cytoplasmic domains in TiterMax adjuvant do not develop EAMG, although

• br In patients with spina bifida

  2024-11-09

  

  In patients with spina bifida and spinal cord injury, fecal incontinence is a serious issue that can impair activities of daily living and patient self-esteem. To address this Malone et al. first described the Antegrade Continence Enema (ACE) procedure in 1990 [1], which achieves continence by all

• It has been reported that leukotrienes

  2024-11-09

  

  It has been reported that leukotrienes and their receptors, e.g. the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1) may promote nitric oxide injury (Ding et al., 2007) and that increased 5-LOX expression and activity lead to production of brain-toxic molecules (Khan et al., 2010). However, differential e

• In humans the major LOs are subdivided by their

  2024-11-09

  

  In humans, the major LOs are subdivided by their positional specificity into 5-(ALOX5), 12-(ALOX12) and 15-LO (ALOX15) (Kuhn et al., 2015). 5-LO is the key enzyme for LT biosynthesis and mainly found in mature cells from myeloid origin, including neutrophil, eosinophil and basophil granulocytes, mon

• Additionally regulation of GPCR heteromerization by specific

  2024-11-09

  

  Additionally, regulation of GPCR heteromerization by specific ligands may depend not only on the affinity of ligands for receptors, but also on presence of different interacting proteins co-localizing with the receptors in the specific cell, which may induce some conformational changes and contribut

• Several dehidropregnenolone derivatives functionalized at C

  2024-11-09

  

  Several 16-dehidropregnenolone derivatives functionalized at C3, C4, C5 and C6 (Fig. 7) were prepared and evaluated as 5α-reductase inhibitors bearing in mind that after the formation of an enzyme-steroid complex a nucleophilic portion of the enzyme attacks the double bond of the steroid through Mic

• br Innate immune mechanisms that

  2024-11-09

  

  Innate immune mechanisms that confront viral infection Autophagy induction by virus sensing Antiviral xenophagy and virophagy The presence of viral particles within autophagosomal structures has been visualized in only rare instances. This is the case for HSV-1 when it is devoided of ICP34.

• V ATPase is a complex

  2024-11-09

  

  V-ATPase is a complex enzyme that is composed of several subunits, which are assembled into two domains: trans-membrane (V0) and cytosolic (V1) domains [3,5]. Epididymal epithelial 5 alpha reductase of rats has been reported to contain V-ATPase which is distributed at the apical pole of the narrow

• The mitogen activated protein kinase MAPK

  2024-11-09

  

  The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays an important role in a variety of cell processes by controlling transcriptional or translational regulation [14]. There are three major MAPK family members that have been well characterized: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-termin

• br Roles of apelin and APJ

  2024-11-09

  

  Roles of apelin and APJ in cardiovascular diseases Therapeutic potential of apelin/APJ in cardiovascular diseases Since the apelin/APJ system plays a key role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, it seems logical to presume that targeting this axis should be feasible a

• br Acknowledgments br Protein microarrays were developed to

  2024-11-09

  

  Acknowledgments Protein microarrays were developed to provide miniaturized high-throughput tools to study protein function, Fmoc-Ala-OMe and post-translational modifications. Just a few years ago, the seminal work performed in Stuart Schreiber's laboratory at Harvard University () and at Micha

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